Romeo Essays (1087 words) - Rodham Family, Bill Clinton,

Romeo As quoted by Hamlet in the play by William Shakespeare, To be or not to be, that is the question(Fetzer 360). When on the subject of President Clinton, some would rather he not be than to be. Some look down upon him because of recent accusations against him concerning him having a sexual relationship with someone other than his wife and then lying about not taking part in any of his accused shenanigans. The whole ordeal has upset many parents about how their children will react to all that is going on about the Clinton scandal, but still some parents find it as an educational and somewhat profitable lesson to teach their children. The Presidency is a highly honorable task and the President has disgraced his office. As leader of the free world, it is his responsibility to set a good example. To little surprise, there are some countries that are angered by the way the President has handled himself lately. The Clinton scandal is giving parents a chance to have serious talks to their chi ldren, justifying the act of lying in the minds of children, and giving countries a reason to look down upon the United States. Due to President Clinton's actions concerning these allegations, there have been three substantial and obvious affects on today's society. First, the scandal is giving parents a chance to sit down and have serious talks with their children. Children are interested in learning about what is going on with the President and why he is in such big trouble, so parents find this as an opportune time to talk about lying and lying's drastic consequences. As stated by Chuck Green, I wrote that parents can cite no finer example than Bill Clinton not as an example of getting away with lying but as an example of its consequences(Green n.pag.). The problem with this is parents sometimes get into a sticky situation when they don't know what to tell their children, but Chuck Green replies by saying, Just tell your kids the truth - that lying doesn't pay, even if you are the President. Sooner or later, you'll pay a heavy price(Green n.pag). Lying is not the only major issue that the President's problems have brought to many parents' attention. Sex has become another issue that parents can discuss with their children because of the recen t scandals. A lot of parents choose not to tell their children about the birds and the bees, but the scandal almost forces them to talk about it. Mr. Clinton's troubles also are putting parents on the spot when it comes to explaining sex, which is a good thing(MacDonald n.pag.). When asked about what she thought about the Clinton scandal, Amy McMahon said that, She and other parents and experts say that discussions with children about the President's on going problems may border on 'distasteful' and 'disgusting'. Some, though, see it as an opportunity to talk about family values, appropriate and inappropriate behaviors and what happens when people get into trouble(MacDonald n.pag.). Sex is a part of everyone's life, and it has the necessity to be discussed with a child eventually; this inappropriate situation allows for a good discussion in this area. Next, in the minds of children, the President's lying has significantly justified the act of lying. Children see the President as a role model, which they look up to and sometimes imitate in actions. A boy said of the President, He can't lie like the rest of us, 'cause he's a role model(Shales n.pag.). If kids find the President as a role model and they see and hear of the President doing these bad things, it might get imbedded in their heads that what the President has done is all right(Hoover n.pag.). Looking at the situation from another standpoint, some might say that they see the President doing bad things then they will learn from his mistakes, right? That is not true. Parents have tried to teach their children right from wrong and they have always told them to get a role model to look up to. If the President is a role model and so many kids look up to him, then they will think what he is doing

SAT for Regular Admissions Deadlines

When's the Last ACT/SAT for Regular Admissions Deadlines SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you have been putting off the ACT/SAT or are hoping to retake one, you need to know when you can take your last test so that your scores will arrive at your schools in time. In other words, when is the very latest you can take the SAT or ACT for your college applications? Read on to find out when you can still take the SAT or ACT- and when you'd be too late. You might be surprised by how little time you have! College Application Deadlines: General Info and Trends Most regular decision college application deadlines are around January 1, though some are earlier in mid- to late December and some are as late as mid-January. I recommend keeping New Year's in mind as the general date your college applications will be due. (Note that if you are applying to a school early action or early decision, your application deadline will likely be much sooner!) The standard date you find out your admission decision is April 1 (though some colleges release results earlier in March). But while admissions decisions are finalized in March, applications are being read and evaluated long before then. Typically, applications are read for the first time in January and maybe February, and decisions are made in February and March. This is why having your entire application submitted by the deadline, including your SAT/ACT scores, is so crucial. In many cases, your application could be read before your parents get around to taking down the holiday decorations ... In order for scores to arrive in time to be considered in January, the last ACT/SAT test dates are usually in December. (For the 2019-20 school year, this is the SAT on December 7 and the ACT on December 14.) December scores usually arrive in time to be considered during the initial application reads in January and February. However, if you take the tests in February or March, your scores won't get to your schools until March or April, which is typically well after your application is read for the first time. (In early 2020, the ACT is on February 8 and the SAT is on March 14.) Since there is no longer a January SAT test date, this means December really is your last chance for the SAT for almost all schools. While a handful of schools do accept the February ACT, these policies aren't the norm. Ideally, you want to finish your SAT/ACT testing before senior year so you can focus on applications exclusively. If you're taking any of the final test dates, you have to make sure you put your colleges down to receive your scores when you're signing up for the last available test. In other words, don't wait to see your scores before you send them, or else it will be too late! If there's a problem with your score reports or they get delayed, sometimes colleges will accept a screenshot or printed version of your test report sent from your guidance counselor as a provisional result. That said, this won't replace an official score report from the College Board or ACT, Inc., which needs to be sent along eventually. Last SAT/ACT Test Dates: Advice for Your College Applications If you're reading this as a junior or younger, aim to have your standardized testing done before senior year, or at the very least by the October ACT/November SAT dates (this means the October 26th ACT and the November 2nd SAT for the 2019-20 school year). This will make the application process less stressful since you'll only have to focus on applications, not testing. Studying for the ACT/SAT while also working on an your applications in December can be a real stressor and might result in subpar applications! Keep in mind that if you're sending SAT/ACT scores from the last possible test date, you're taking a risk. If it's your first test score and it's not within your schools' average score ranges, it won't help your chances of admission. It also won't look good if it's a retake and your score goes down. (While most schools focus on your highest test scores, some require students to send all SAT scores or all ACT scores and will take all scores, high or low, into consideration.) This is why we recommend having your testing done by senior year- including retakes. If you really need to take one of the last possible ACT/SAT dates, plan ahead as much as possible so you have plenty of time to both study and work on your applications. The Latest Possible ACT/SAT Dates for Top Schools In this section, we'll be taking a look at the last possible ACT/SAT dates for top colleges. We'll also show you how to look up this information yourself for any school you're interested in applying to. Schools Whose Final Testing Date Is in December The majority of schools we researched will accept the December ACT and December SAT, but no later SATs or ACTs. If any of your top schools are on this list, do your best to complete your testing as soon as possible! You'll need to have your standardized tests completed by winter break if you're applying to any of these schools! Amherst For regular decision, Amherst requires all materials to be received by January 1. This means you should aim for the December ACT or December SAT at the very latest. Brown According to Brown's website, "Most first-year students choose to apply under our Regular Decision plan, which requires applying by January 2 (11:59 p.m. applicant's local time)." (emphasis mine). Caltech Caltech lists December as its standardized testing deadline, meaning you can take the December ACT or SAT at the latest. Applications are due by January 3 for regular decision. Cornell Everything has to be submitted by January 2 for Regular Admission for Cornell, which means your last-chance test dates for the SAT/ACT are in December. Dartmouth At Dartmouth, because the regular decision deadline is January 2, the last possible SAT/ACT test dates for regular admission are in December. Duke Although Duke's last test date is December for both the ACT and SAT, the school will accept ACT scores from the February test date and consider them as additional scores in your application file. The regular decision deadline is January 2. Georgetown Georgetown's deadline is slightly later in January than those of many other top schools: "Regular Decision applicants should have all application materials postmarked by January 10" (emphasis mine). The December ACT and SAT are still the last test dates whose scores will arrive before the deadline. Harvard There are two regular decision deadlines at Harvard: December 15 (the preferred deadline) and January 1 (the final deadline). Harvard states on its admissions website, "Although it is possible to submit scores from tests taken as late as the December SAT and the February ACT, we recommend that you submit testing as early as possible" (emphasis mine). However, the school also says, "Scores submitted before the end of November will allow us to begin our evaluation process for those submitting applications by December 15." So even though you can submit scores from December tests, the earlier you submit, the better! MIT At MIT, most parts of the application are due by January 1. Therefore, "you must take the required tests on or before the November test date for Early Action or the December test date for Regular Action. These are the latest scores that will reach the Admissions Committee in time for review." Northwestern Since the application deadline for regular decision is January 2, the latest tests you can take for Northwestern are the December ACT or SAT. Princeton As the deadline for regular decision is January 1, "regular decision applicants must complete all SAT testing by the December test date. All ACT testing must be completed by the December test date." Stanford For the regular admission deadline on January 2, Stanford's last test date is in December for both the ACT and SAT. University of Pennsylvania According to Penn's admissions website, the regular decision deadline is January 5, meaning the last test dates accepted are those in December for both the SAT and ACT. Vanderbilt Vanderbilt's website states the following: "For students applying under Early Decision II or Regular Decision (submission deadline January 1), the last opportunity to take the exam is the December administration" (emphasis mine). Washington University in Saint Louis "The last test date accepted will be the December testing," writes the WUSTL website. So at the latest, you can take the December SAT or ACT for Regular Decision (deadline January 2), or the October SAT or ACT for Early Decision (deadline November 1). Williams College You have to take the ACT or SAT by December for it to be added to your file at Williams in time for the January 1 regular decision deadline. These next schools let you take an even later test- the February ACT! Schools That Accept Testing Through February Some top schools have even later testing deadlines and will accept the early February ACT. Again, these schools are in the minority, so do your best to complete your testing much earlier than February of your senior year! Columbia According to the Columbia Admissions FAQ, "Scores for February tests can be provided in time for consideration. Testing taken after February cannot be considered." Note that although the regular application deadline is January 1, Columbia is willing to accept scores from as late as February. University of Chicago UChicago says that it will accept January SAT scores and February ACT scores. However, since there is no longer a January SAT test date (it was replaced by the August date), your last possible SAT test date is actually the one in December. You'll still have the February ACT, though. The deadline for regular decision is January 2. Yale The last testing dates Yale will accept are the December SAT and the February ACT. Applications for regular decision are due by January 2. How to Look Up the Last ACT/SAT Date for Any School We couldn't include the final SAT/ACT date for every single college in the country! Use this guide to learn how to look this info up anywhere you're applying. First, search "[School Name] regular decision deadline" on Google. I'm searching for Wellesley College's last possible SAT and ACT dates. The first link, "Decision Plans and Deadlines," looks promising, so I'll start there. This search should pull up the page on the school's admissions site with regular decision dates and deadlines. The admissions page will typically list the last SAT/ACT dates a school will accept for consideration. For Wellesley, the first link I found led to the following page with info about regular decision dates and deadlines, including for standardized tests: For the regular decision deadline of January 15, Wellesley lists the last possible test dates for the SAT or ACT as "December of your senior year." If you're looking up a school and can't find a deadline page that lists SAT/ACT dates, check its FAQ page- there's often a question there about SAT/ACT testing. Look for questions such as "When is the latest I can take the SAT/ACT?" and "How long does it take for SAT/ACT scores to arrive?" If there's no info about the last ACT/SAT dates on either your school's deadlines page or FAQ page (which is unlikely!), call the admissions office and ask about the last test date you can sign up for if applying regular decision. Key Takeaways: The Last Test Dates for Regular Admissions Most schools have regular decision admissions deadlines on or around January 1. These deadlines vary slightly depending on the school and can be as early as mid-December or as late as mid-January. As a result, usually your absolute last chance to take the SAT or ACT is in December; however, it's advisable to opt for an earlier test date, if possible. If you decide to take the December test, be sure to choose your score recipients as you register for the test. This ensures that your scores will arrive at your schools before the January deadline. While results from a December test should arrive in time, it's best to take the SAT/ACT as early as possible- typically starting in the fall of your junior year. This way you have plenty of time to retake the test should you want to get a higher score. What's Next? Read more about optimizing your ACT and SAT test dates for your senior fall schedule. How high does your ACT/SAT score need to be for your top school? Find out what number you should be aiming for to make sure you're on track for admission. Still have to make serious changes to improve your SAT/ACT scores? Get top strategies for each section with our individualized guides to SAT Reading, Writing, and Math, as well as ACT English, Math, Reading, and Science. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT and ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160+ points or your ACT score by 4+ points. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

The purpose and usefulness of standard audit report Essay

The purpose and usefulness of standard audit report - Essay Example Normally, audit reports presents the external review of the financial information of a company, conducted by an accounting firm and shareholders use it in assessing the financial health of a company. The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) in UK recommended for the enhancement of the responsibilities in financial reporting for the audit committees through publicizing of expanded reports. The auditor reporting entails coordinated structure that leverages the resources by IAASB (Boeckman et al. 2013, p. 76). A standard report summarizes an audit by the public accounting firm about the liquidity strength of a company. Auditing process entails comparison of the findings to internal audits to identify any discrepancies or errors involved therewith. When the audit is clean, standard audit report results. The standard audit report is the most used audit report, and it ensures that companies do not defraud the investors. Failure of the audit reports to conform to the acceptable standards in ac counting creates apprehension amongst the shareholders of the company (Boeckman et al. 2013, p. 77). The corporate finance statements and other investors express the concerns on the usefulness of standard audit reports (SAR). ... Three types of audit reports issued by auditors include the qualified, unqualified and adverse. Qualified opinions indicate the violation of accounting standards; adverse report shows shortcomings of the company; while unqualified opinion shows not-material misstatements. Audit reports are beneficial to a company. Standard audit report indicates issuance of non-qualified opinion based on the financial information of a company. This allows for extension of business by seeking outside investment to enhance future operations (Carcello 2012, p. 22). Furthermore, standard audit reports entail warnings. Adverse or qualified audit opinions subject the company to further audits resulting in negative goodwill to the outside investors. Companies also experience regulatory fines from the government agencies due to misleading the public on the financial health of the company. Standard audit reports also contain the expert insight. The accounting firms issue information to companies and auditors on acceptable auditing standards (Carcello 2012, p. 24). Standard Audit Report (SAR) SAR changed insignificantly over the last 60 years. Audit reports had not changed prior to 1988 Statements on Auditing Standards (SAS). There were significant changes made on the audit report by the financial statements. Professions tried making changes in 1965, and SAS incorporated introductory, opinion and scope changes in the third paragraph. The changes enhanced the usefulness of the audit report by giving a comprehensive definition of audit, as well as maintaining effective communication of management responsibilities, and the auditor in order to reduce SASs expectation gap. The main objective of SAR is to enhance credibility of the financial statements by the

Causes and effects of Homeless Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Causes and effects of Homeless - Research Paper Example The author states that poverty plays the biggest role in rendering people homeless. This is because poverty and homelessness inextricably link. Agreeably, poor people face substantially hard times when paying for their house rent, food, education, child care, and health care among other things (Andersen & Taylor, 2010). Note that, one must make difficult choices especially when limited resources have to cover a number of these necessities. In most cases, according to experts, many people tend to opt for other things instead of housing since housing absorbs much of most individuals’ earnings (Levinson, 2004). A research carried out in 2007by the US Bureau of the Census 2007 found out that 12.5 percent (37.3 million) of the US population lived in poverty. The Bureau asserted that the 2007 findings were not statistically different from those of 2006 in any way (Ravenhill, 2008). Further studies on this subject indicated that increased erosion of employment opportunities for the l arger segment of the American workforce and the declined availability and value of public assistance are the two major contributing factors accounting to increased poverty. Advocates for homeless maintain that violence in homes is a factor contributing to homelessness, particularly in women with children. Facts about the homeless point out that almost half of all homeless youths and adult women with children experienced domestic violence prior to fleeing their homes (Andersen & Taylor, 2010). Nationally, studies reveal that most people who are now homeless could not withstand the kind of physical abuse they experienced in their homes and as such, they opted to run away or rather disappear from their previous settlement (Levy, 2010). Research findings from 2007 showed that of the more than 7,000 people counted during the One Night Count, over 1000 complained indicated that domestic violence is a significant element that contributed to their state of homelessness.

Marketing Ethics at Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Ethics at Apple Inc - Essay Example Both of them left college without graduating in order to launch their dream company. Owing to the fact that they did not have enough capital to buy offices, they started by working out in a garage. The idea that there were two young people who so believed in what they were able to create that they even left university to do it is what inspires so many people about Apple. Steve Jobs is still viewed by many as the genius who literally inspired many people to begin to love computers. Jobs was behind Apple’s first technological marvels such as Macintosh, Apple brand, and Power Mac computers (Lashinsky 2012). Apple Computer’s iconic advertisement that ran during the 1984 Super Bowl so inspired people that they actually snatched fliers from Apple’s representatives at the end of the games (Lashinsky 2012). Apple’s profile suffered a momentary lapse shortly after the success of Macintosh when Steve Jobs left the company after a power struggle (O'Grady 2009). His return, more than 10 years later, marked another period of prosperity for Apple. People began to associate Apple’s success with Steve Jobs. In 2001, Apple launched the Apple iPod. The ingenuity of this device had other electronics companies scrambling and trying to produce duplicates of it that had more operations than Apple’s model. None, though, was considered by the public to be as good as the original. Many attribute Apple’s success to the extraordinary crea tivity of its late CEO Steve Jobs. When he succumbed to cancer in 2011, many technology experts were convinced that Apple would never be able to find another like him. Good Marketing Ethics at Apple Inc. Throughout its existence, Apple has tried to make sure that its workers always exhibit the appropriate conduct in all circumstances. It believes that it owes its success to the creation of high-quality and innovative products as well as the demonstration of uprightness in every business transaction (Shaw 2003). Apple holds that respect, honesty, compliance and confidentiality are the qualities that denote business integrity (Linzmayer 2004). To include these values into its workforce, Apple has outlined a code of conduct that is observed in all its branches worldwide. It has also availed more detailed policies that concern conflict of interest, corporate governance, and rules on how to report any instances of questionable conduct (Lashinsky 2012). Furthermore, Apple offers its worke rs a Business Conduct Helpline through which they can testify on any misconduct to the corporation’s Audit and Finance team. To stress on its pledge to ensure dependable supplier conduct, Apple issues a yearly Apple Supplier Responsibility statement that clarifies its audit conclusions, supplier expectations and the remedial actions the corporation will take against foreign branches where violations have taken place (Lashinsky 2012). Apple commodities are intended to have a lengthier lifespan as the hardware is created from sturdy materials such as aluminum and recyclable glass. The operating system is created to be useful even after years of being in the market (Alas, Ennulo and Turnpuu 2006). Owing to this fact, Apple’s commodities do not have to be replaced as often as those of other electronics corporations. This leads to fewer products being consumed, and less demand put on the large-scale workforce. If demand as well as world population were to decrease, Apple ma nufactured goods would be the primary products to be ethically sustainable due to the fact that they can be created by workers who are not overburdened with work or live in cramped quarters (Lashinsky 2012).

The Delivery Of Social Work Services

The Delivery Of Social Work Services The second part of the report concentrates on to understand process of ageing. It will then assess the role and function of social work within wider socio-political policy context especially in terms of poverty and inequalities. Finally it will be demonstrated how the identified issues may inform the policy and organisational context and the points raised will be summarised in the conclusion. According to World Health Organisation, most developed world countries have accepted the age of 65 years as a definition of elderly or older person. (WHO: 2012) However, in the United Kingdom the Friendly Societies Act 1972 S7(1)(e) defines old age as, any age after fifty, where pension schemes mostly are used age 60 or 65 years for eligibility. (Scottish Government: 1972) Ageism can be defined as process of discrimination and stereotyping against people because of their age. It affects many institutions in society and has a number of dimensions such as job discrimination, loss of status, stereotyping and dehumanization. Ageism is about assuming that all older people are the same despite different life histories, needs and expectation. (Phillipson: 2011) According to Erikson (1995) psychosocial stages of life older age has been defined as the period of integrity versus despair. This stage involves the acceptance and reflection on ones life. The authors describe older people as a group of marginal concern that has moved to one of central importance in social work profession (Phillipson: 2011) This is caused by the speed of demographical change that is most remarkable in its expand. The number of older people is increasing both in absolute numbers and as a proportion of the total population. The ageing of the population indicates two main factors such as the downward trend in the birth rate and improvements in life expectancy. (Phillipson: 2011) In Scotland in 2010 there were an estimated 1.047 million older people age over 60, where older people are one fifth of Scottish population. (Age Scotland: 2012) In the last hundred years Scotlands life expectancy has doubled from 40 in 1900, to just over 74 for males and just over 79 for females in 2004. By 2031 the number of people aged 50+ is projected to rise by 28% and the number aged 75+ is projected to increase by 75% (All our future: 2007) It has been estimated that in the UK in 2005, 683,597 people suffered from dementia, the number is expected to triple by 2051 to 1,735,087 people. (Alzheimers research trust: 2010)The issue require to be deeply analysed in terms of how society will be able to respond effectively to the complex needs of older people. Look beneath the surface the needs and issues of older people The policy All our future (Scottish Government: 2007) indicates the age over fifty as a stage where life circumstances start to change in ways that can be significant for the future. An example of this can be; children leave home, change in working patterns, people have less work and more time for themselves and perhaps more money. It is worth pointing out that caring responsibilities for elderly relatives at this stage can also increase. The time fifty upwards is a time when physical health can deteriorate causing possible health problems such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis or coronary heart disease. What is more, the state of health after that time decrease substantially and become greater in its extend. People must face changes in appearance such as wrinkles, hair lost or change of hair colour to grey. In addition, they physical state deteriorates and they are not as fit as they used to be. Form psychological point of view this must be difficult to accept it. However, ageing can also concerns some psychological effects such as changes in memory function, decline in intellectual abilities or even memory loss. As a result of a degenerative condition of brains nerve cells or brain disorders many people may suffer dementia, Alzheimer or Parkinson disease. Wilson et al. (2008) who draws attention to physical, biological and psychological effects of the ageing, pointing out that ageing is not itself a disease but some specific diseases may be associated with this process. (Wilson: 2008) Social work underwent fundamental changes from the 1960s following broader ideological, political and economic developments. To understand the current role of social work within society and wider policy framework, particularly with older people, it is important to analyse the past socio-political and economic trends that have reflected on contemporary practice. By the 1960s, more attention was beginning to be paid to the social consequences of capitalism that started to be seen as the economic order of an unequal and unfair society. The strong critique of that system is known as radical social work that grew on the ideology of Marxism. (Howe: 2008) The publication of the Kilbrandon (1964) consequently led to introduction of Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968, which embedded social work firmly within state sector with the voluntary sector as complementary. (Ferguson Woodward) Social work wanted to be seen as unified profession that offered generic services, to overcome earlier fragmenta tion and overspecialisation of services. Social workers were obligated by law to assess needs and promote social welfare by providing services. However, the government of Margaret Thatcher began to weaken state welfare responsibilities to help people in need leading to the major ideological shift in 1980s called neoliberalism. As a result Barclay Report (1982) intended to clarify the role and task of social workers employed within statutory or voluntary sector, the later Griffiths Report (1988) were similar to Barclay Report in terms of promoting greater choice, participation and independence of service user and carers. However, neoliberalism undermines the role of welfare professionals, allow the rich become richer and marginalise the poorest and most vulnerable individuals. Woodward and Ferguson (2011) argue that neoliberal trend has been continued under New labour government, leading to managerialism and bureaucratisation. Therefore, contemporary practice is drawn by extreme pres sure through the forces of marketisation, managerialism and consumerism, that led to profession dominated by stress, frustration and strongly focus on meeting deadlines. The labour government has also been driven by the development associated with consumerists ideas such as personalisation that place service user at the centre of service design and delivery or direct payments that emphasise independence and individual choice through giving service user their own money to buy own services. For a long time neoliberal economic and social policies in the UK speculated a very different concept of what social work should be about. The Changing Lives report of the 21st Century Social Work Review (Scottish Government: 2006) has brought significant shift within social work polices through an expression of dissatisfaction of social work that was mainly caused by lack of opportunity for relationship based work with service user. The policy has reshaped social work practice towards providing social workers with additional space to develop good social work practice. There have been initiatives to improve recruitment and increase professionalism and standards within workforce as well as improve integration in the planning and provision of social work services. Integration has been developed through Modernising Community Care: An Action Plan (1998) and Community Care Joint Future (2000) that introduce Single Shared Assessment (SSA). In Scotland Joint Future is the driving policy on joint working between local authorities and the NHS. The other key policy themes are personalisation, self-directed support, early intervention and prevention as well as mixed economy of care on the grounds of more effective partnership. (Scottish Parliament: 2008) Another significant report that brought about change in policy and later in Scottish legislation is the Sutherland Report (1999) that provided free personal and nursing car e on the basis of assessed needs. (Petch: 2008) The above review of social work policy framework is a good illustration of constantly changing role and function of social work. Social work operates within socio-political framework of constantly developing policies and legislation of health and social care. The reality and ideology constantly has changed people and society faceing new challenges. Social work makes a key contribution to tackle these issues by working with other agencies to deliver coordinated support and to increase the wellbeing of older people. The critical analyse of needs of older people and current issues in the delivery of social work services. The first issues when working with older people is partnership of health and social care within four main areas: assessment, care management, intermediate care and hospital discharge. (Wilson: 2008) The main problem is tight budget this is in particular importance especially in statutory setting. (Wilson: 2008) The problem increases when local authority must, as normally is a case, work in collaboration with other bodies. This raises an external question who are going to pay for services? That causes unnecessary delays and constraints. One might expect that new Integration of Adult Health and Social Care Bill (Scottish Government: 2012) will resolve problem by the joint budget and equal responsibilities of Health Boards and Local Authorities. Wilson et al. stresses the importance of rationing services in social work due to low budget that lead to delays in provision of services and lack of time to develop more creative forms of practice. The next issue is the assessment process that is seen as balance between needs and resources. A major element during assessment is the relationship with service user and appropriate methods of communication to understand and be understood. Practitioner must take the time to get know the older person and resist pressure from other professional to do a quick assessment. (Mackay: 2008) The problem of autonomy and protection is the other one in relation to work with older people. This raises the question of capacity, consent and the deprivation of liberty of older people. This group of service users is often a subject of legislation that deprives their rights and liberty, this is because they are likely to be affected by cognitive disorder such as dementia. The term dementia include Alzheimers disease, vascular and unspecified dementia, as well as dementia in other diseases such as Parkinsons. It has been estimated that in the UK the number of patients diagnosed is 821,884, representing 1.3% of the UK population. (Alzheimers research trust: 2010) The assessment of incapacity or mental disorder is not straightforward and ethically and morally difficult for both service user and social worker. Social workers have to manage the balance between acting in accordance with the wishes of the individual and their best interest. It has been suggested by policy and legislation that the views and wishes of people expressed through self-assessment would remain at the heart of intervention. (Department of Health: 2005) The another issue is abuse of older that may have many forms and can be very severe in its extend. Older people are vulnerable to abuse or to not having their rights fully respected and protected. The problem came to public awareness not as long as few years ago. Despite the fact that legislation came into force through Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act 2007 it is estimated that elder abuse affects 22,700 people in the Scotland each year. (Age Scotland: 2012) Older people are a subject of physical, psychological abuse, neglect, sexual or financial harm, that normally takes place at home, in hospital, residential care or day centre. Age discrimination is next issue to consider around 24 per cent of older adults in the UK report experiencing age discrimination. (Age Scotland: 2012) The new NHS policy that came to force 1st of October this year, states that it is unlawful for service providers, policy makers and commissioners to discriminate, victimise, or harass a person because of age. A person will be protected when requesting and being provided with services. If anybody will be treated less favourably because of their age, they will be able to take organisations or individuals to court and may be awarded compensation. This mainly relates to health boards individual clinicians such as consultants, GPs or other health professionals. (Department of Health: 2012) Older people are disadvantaged based on the relatively low socio-political and cultural status in contemporary society. They are repeatedly presents as a drain on resources as they no longer actively contribute to grow of society. They do not work and do not pay taxes anymore. Older people are systematically disadvantaged by the place they occupy within society. Wilson et al. (2008: p. 620) rightly suggests that old age is socially constructed. A good example of this is retirement that makes people officially old and unavailable to work, despite factual physical and emotional state of the individual. Other forms of social construction that significantly affect the experience of old age is class, gender, race and ethnicity. (Wilson: 2008) An illustration of this can be statement that older people have much more in common with younger people from their class then they do with older people from other classes. (Philipson: 2011) Disadvantages and inequalities experiences during life can m agnified the process of ageing through differences in access to health facilities, health status and lifestyle that may influence life expectancy. There is no doubt that experience of ageing is subjective and depends on many factors but it seems to be a matter to consider class, gender and race at first place. When discussing poverty and inequalities the things that have to be in mind are issues of discrimination of older women who are less likely to have as a great pension as male due to the fact many women are paid a lower wage then men. Moreover, women tend to live longer than men so they are more vulnerable to live alone and in poverty. (Age UK: 2012) There are many forms of disadvantage associated with older people in poverty such as; low income, low wealth and pension, debts or financial difficulties, feel worse off, financial exclusion, material deprivation and cold home. The first three are experiences by around 20% of older people, half of older people experienced at least one of the nine forms of poverty described above, and 25% had two or more. A minority 3% suffered from three or more forms of poverty. (Age UK: 2012) In terms of ethnicity and race there are significant inequalities in the process of ageing. An illustration of this can be the black community of older people who are more likely to face greater level of poverty, live in poorer housing. In addition, they are more susceptible to physical and mental illness due to often heavy manual work, racism and cultural pressures. (Phillipson: 2011) Most of older people want to say at home as long as possible this is supported by policy All Our Future (Scottish Government: 2007) that helps people through services such as free personal care, telecare development programme, care and repairs services or travel scheme free bus passes. The policy aims to improve opportunities for older people, foster better understanding towards this group of service user, create better links between generation to work together and exchange experiences, to improve health and quality of life: promote well being and active life within community, improve care support and protection, housing and transport as well as promote lifelong learning. The role of social work in working with older people is described by Marshalls text (1990) and cited by Scottish Government (2005) It has been suggested that a key issues are: communication, including sensitive listening and awareness of non-verbal communication, taking time to assess needs always in the presence of service user. Supporting people in managing crises that arise through loss or change such as bereavement, mental health issues or physical constrains like illness or disability. Offer practical help and organise resources. Working with other professionals and people involve in the process of intervention and together combat ageism. Ageing can be defined as discrimination against older people m The current trends in adults social care have began through Green paper Independence, Well-being and Choice (Department of Health: 2005) and the subsequent White Paper , Our Health, Our Care, Our Say (Department of Health: 2006) these documents set out the agenda for future. This is based on the principle that service users should be able to have greater control over their own lives, with strategies that services deliver will be more personalised than uniform, this is referred to as personalisation. Personalisation enables the individual to participate and to be actively involved in the delivery of services. Personalisation also means that people become more involved in how services are designed by shaping and selecting services to receive to support that is most suited to them (Scottish Government: 2009) Personalisation is a wide term covering a range of approaches to providing individualised services, choice and control. The programme directly response to wants and wishes of servic e user regarding service provision. Personalisation consists of person centre approach, early intervention and prevention, is based on an empowering philosophy of choice and control. It shifts power from professionals to people who use services. (Department of Health: 2010) However, it could be argued that approaches extending service user control in realty can be seen as transferring risk and responsibilities form the local authority to the individual service user (Ferguson: 2007) Another option recently promoting by government is Self Directed Support (SDS), a Bill has been introduced into the Scottish Parliament last year and recently has passed stage three. The bill seeks to introduce legislative provision for SDS and the personalisation of services and to extend the provisions relating to direct payments. (Scottish Parliament: 2012) The SDS approach before has been brought into Parliament were reflected in many reports and policy initiatives such as: Changing Lives, Reshaping Care for Older People. SDS let people to make informed choices about the way support is provided, they can have greater control over how their needs are met, and by whom. Social worker working on behalf of local authority will have a duty to offer SDS if the individual met eligibility criteria. The four options to consider are: direct payment to the individual in order that that person will arrange own support, the person chooses the available support and local authority will make arr angement for services on behalf of that person, social worker will select support and make arrangement for provision, the last option is a mix of the above options. (IRISS: 2012) There is no doubt that the ideas of SDS are glorious because express a great opportunity for service user to expand their control over services provided. However, this raises a question of how many people will be ready to utilise option one of SDS, if a ordinary person who use services will have skills and knowledge to take responsibility for own care such as to employ own carers or personal assistance and to buy own services. One could envisage that it could be possible if the role of social worker will change from care management to brokerage and advocacy. The new model of care requires also to support communication, have experience in employment practice, manage record keeping and pay roll services. A potential care broker will provide assistance to obtain and manage a support package, drawing on individ ualised funding. It can be questioned if social workers who are mostly employed by local authority and accountable to statutory agencies are reliable to perform this task working across three sectors. Service User Involvement Dalrymple and Burke (2006) discuss issues that influence contemporary social work such as social justice, empowerment, partnership and minimal intervention. The service user participation has began in 1990 through NHS and Community Care Act. (Ray, 2012) There is still increasing acceptance that people who receive services should be seen as own experts in defining their own needs. This is in accordance with exchange model of assessment presented by Smile and Tuson et al. (1993), where social worker view the individuals as experts of own problems. The role of practitioner is to help service user to organise resources in order to reach goals that are define by the service user. Government policy addressing to older people highlights the importance of developing services that focus on maintaining independence, encouraging choice and promoting autonomy such as Independent living in Scotland (2011), Reshaping Care for Older People (2011), All our Future(2007). The policies highlights the i mportance of user participation in risk management and risk taking within independent community living for older adults. One of the action enhance independent living is direct payments. This has been seen as a way of improving choice and autonomy of older people. Social workers have a moral obligation to ensure that direct payment, when offered, do in fact provide better opportunity for this group of service user to meet their needs in creative way. (Ray: 2009) One may expect that active involvement and participation in service provision will have a crucial role not only in exercise more control and choice but also in challenging social exclusion. Shaping our lives is a notional independent user network that aims to make sure the voice of older people are heard so they have equal chance in defining outcomes in social care. (Crawford Walker: 2008) It could be argued that one of the main needs of older people is the importance of active listening of this group of service user, who are often because of age ignored or disregard. This is supported by Kydd (2009) who highlights how important it is for older people to feel that they are being listened too. In social work there is constant need to evidence based practice on the grounds of empirical knowledge that guide decision making process. An example of this can be three stages of theory cycle presented by Collinwood and Davies. (2011) There is no doubt evidence based practice is important but the view undermine relationship based practice that is equally important. Rightly Wilson (2008) refers to relationship-based as a main feature of social work practice that shape the nature and purpose of the intervention. It is a unique interaction between the service user and the practitioner that help to obtain more information and define the best way of intervention. A fundamental part of working with older people is to recognise and respond to the way in which they may be marginalized. An example can be the role of social worker as advocate that seek; to provide accurate information in relation to the services the individual is entitled and to enable the person to live where she/he wants to live. (Dalrymple Burke: 2006)

The Golden House of Nero :: essays papers

The Golden House of Nero After years of fighting and civil wars, order was finally established throughout the Roman empire during the first century AD with the rule of Augustus. Peace and prosperity followed with the reign of Augustus and with the emperors that came into control after him, and it was during this time that Roman architecture began to move away from the traditional Hellenistic and Greek influences and generate its own style. It was also during this time that Rome was subjected to numerous horrendous fires that destroyed much of the city when it was under the control of the emperor Nero. Considered a tyrant and self-centered even for an aristocrat at the time, Nero became very unpopular towards the end of his reign, but not before he was able to commission the construction of a marvelous villa for himself stretching over two hundred acres in the center of Rome where the fires had destroyed most of the original buildings. Commonly called The Golden House of Nero, it was originally given the more formal name of Domus Aurea, and was and still is considered one of the most extravagant projects ever ordered by a Roman emperor to be created. The most significant and majestic feature of the Domus Aurea is the Esquiline wing, or the main palace, located about two hundred meters northeast of the Coliseum, formally known as the Flavian Amphitheater. After the fires of 104 AD, Trajan had his engineers fill in the Esquiline wing of the Domus Aurea so as to secure the elevated terrace for his Baths. By covering the Esquiline wing with earth, it was free from pillaging, fires, considerable wearing from weather, and other harmful effects over the years. Unfortunately, only a sizable fragment remains of the palace, and the original extent of the scores of rooms that have been recovered is unknown. Much can be extrapolated from these remaining bits of the structure, though, and like a puzzle, archeologist and architects have been able to piece together the scraps and come to fairly detailed conclusions. One major point that has been looked at closely but has not been completely decided upon is the original number of stories the palace contained. There are no indications of a second story beyond the two narrow staircases back in the upper north service area of the wing.